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Nokia 4A0-116 exam is a certification offered by Nokia for professionals who are interested in learning about Nokia Segment Routing technology. It is designed to validate the knowledge and skills required to implement and manage Nokia Segment Routing solutions. The Nokia Segment Routing technology is a new way of routing traffic in IP networks that enables service providers to deliver high-quality services with better scalability and flexibility. It is gaining popularity among service providers as it helps them to reduce their operational costs and improve the quality of their services.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following statements about the operation of seamless-BFD is FALSE?
- A. A seamless-BFD template needs to be configured on the head-end of the LSP.
- B. To be able to respond to seamless-BFD messages, a router must be configured as a reflector.
- C. The routing protocol (OSPF or IS-IS) is used to carry the reflector discriminator information.
- D. Seamless-BFD responses are sent back using the LSP label stack.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Seamless-BFD is a mechanism that allows the detection of faults in MPLS LSPs more quickly by using BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) protocol. Seamless-BFD responses are sent back using the MPLS data-plane, not the LSP label stack.
NEW QUESTION # 26
An SR-TE LSP with a path definition that includes router R4 as a loose hop and for which Seamless-BFD has been enabled is following the path shown in the exhibit. What happens after router R4 fails if the routers along the path follow the default behavior?
- A. The head end will continue forwarding traffic to the current next-hop indefinitely, which will be discarded at the point of failure.
- B. The head end will periodically try to calculate a new path at a rate defined by the resignal timer.
- C. The head end will continue forwarding traffic to the current next-hop indefinitely, and R2 will redirect the traffic to R3 after IGP reconvergence.
- D. The head end will periodically try to calculate a new path at a rate defined by the retry timer.
Answer: A
Explanation:
When an SR-TE LSP with Seamless-BFD enabled, the BFD sessions are established between the routers along the path to detect any failures quickly. If a failure happens in the path, the router will stop forwarding the traffic and send a BFD control packet to the head-end router. In this case, R4 failed, BFD sessions will detect the failure and send a message to the head-end router, but since R4 is a loose hop, the path doesn't have to be re-calculate. The head-end router will continue forwarding traffic to the current next-hop, R2, which will be discarded at the point of failure (R4) as it doesn't know about the failure. And the traffic will not be redirected to R3 after IGP reconvergence.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following statements about Segment Routing is FALSE?
- A. No path signaling is required to establish an SR tunnel.
- B. A link-state IGP is required to distribute SID information.
- C. For TE-constrained tunnels, each data packet typically carries a single MPLS label to specify the tunnel path.
- D. Intermediate routers do not maintain any tunnel informal
Answer: D
Explanation:
Intermediate routers do not maintain any tunnel informal: this statement is false, Intermediate routers do maintain tunnel information, such as the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) to forward the packets according to the path specified in the packets.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following is not required to be advertised by a router participating in Segment Routing?
- A. Support for SR-MPLS for IPv4 or IPv6, or SRv6
- B. SRGB when SRv6 is configured
- C. Adjacency-SIDs
- D. Local Node-SID
Answer: B
Explanation:
SRGB when SRv6 is configured: This is not required to be advertised, SRGB(Segment Routing Global Block) is only used for SR-MPLS and is not needed when SRv6 is configured. Instead, SRv6 uses the IANA-assigned IPv6 address space.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using a PCE for the computation of TE-constrained LSP paths, as compared to using CSPF locally on the PE router?
- A. The ability to create LSP paths with bandwidth reservation
- B. The ability to ensure that some LSP paths are disjoint
- C. The ability to create cross-area TE-constrained LSP paths
- D. The ability to create LSPs with primary and secondary paths
Answer: A
Explanation:
PCE does not have the capability to reserve bandwidth, This is a function of a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) or a Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) and is done locally on the PE.
PCE can have advantages such as:
The ability to create cross-area TE-constrained LSP paths
The ability to create LSPs with primary and secondary paths
The ability to ensure that some LSP paths are disjoint
it can be used to optimize the path computation by centralizing the path calculation and by taking into account a global view of the network.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following statements about a Segment Routing SID is FALSE?
- A. A router advertises its local Node-SID as a local SRGB and an index only if it is configured as an index.
- B. All routers do NOT need to have the same SRGB range configured.
- C. A local Node-SID can be configured directly as an MPLS label.
- D. A local Node-SID can be configured as an index.
Answer: A
Explanation:
A router advertises its local Node-SID as a local SRGB and an index only if it is configured as an index: This statement is not true, A router will advertise its local Node-SID as a local SRGB and an index, whether it is configured as an index or not.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following statements about path definitions is FALSE?
- A. A loose hop is one that does not have to be directly adjacent to the previous hop in the path list
- B. The path hops can be defined by either the system or physical interface IP address.
- C. Once a path is associated with an LSP, it cannot be used by other LSPs.
- D. In addition to the hops defined in the path list, the head-end and tail-end routers are implicitly added.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which of the following is NOT a valid option to steer traffic into a flex-algo segment-routing tunnel?
- A. Configuring and applying a VRF import policy to a VPRN service and enabling the sr-is-is or sr-ospf tunnel type for the service, depending on the underlying routing protocol.
- B. Configuring and applying a VSI import policy to an EVPN service and enabling the sr-is-is or sr-ospf tunnel type for the service, depending on the underlying routing protocol.
- C. Specifying the flex-algo instance ID as an additional TE constraint for an SR-TE LSP and enabling the sr-te tunnel type for a VPN service.
- D. Using a flex-algo Node-SID as an explicit hop in the path definition of an SR-TE LSP and enabling the sr-te tunnel type for a VPN service.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Applying a VSI import policy to an EVPN service and enabling the sr-is-is or sr-ospf tunnel type for the service is not a valid option for steering traffic into a flex-algo segment-routing tunnel, VSI is not related to flex-algo SR.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Which of the following statements about Multi-Protocol Label Switching networks is FALSE?
- A. The data is transparently carried from end to end.
- B. MPLS uses a signaling protocol to exchange labels between routers.
- C. An LSP is a bi-directional tunnel that uses MPLS labels to forward data.
- D. An LSR forwards data based on the MPLS labels.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The data is transparently carried from end to end: This statement is not true, MPLS does not provide data transparency, which means that the data is not carried unmodified from end to end. MPLS uses labels to forward data, so the original IP packets are encapsulated in new MPLS packets, and the original IP headers are not visible at the egress LSR.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Based on the exhibit, which of the following statements about fast re-route for flex-algo instance 129 is TRUE?
- A. Standard LFA and remote-LFA are enabled on router R1; standard LFA and TT-LFA are enabled on router R2.
- B. Standard LFA and remote-LFA are enabled on router R1; fast re-route is not enabled on router R2.
- C. Only standard LFA is enabled on both routers R1 and R2.
- D. Only standard LFA is enabled on router R1; fast re-route is not enabled on router R2.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following statements about primary and secondary SR-TE LSP paths is FALSE?
- A. Preference values can be configured for non-standby secondary paths.
- B. Up to three paths can be configured for a given SR-TE LS
- C. Only one LSP path forwards the traffic at any time,
- D. The primary path is always preferred over a secondary pa
Answer: B
Explanation:
Typically, in SR-TE, only two paths can be configured for a given SR-TE LSP: primary path and secondary path. The primary path is used for normal traffic forwarding, and the secondary path is used as a backup in case the primary path fails. Only one LSP path forwards the traffic at any time.
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which of the following statements about segment routing fast re-route is FALSE?
- A. On a Nokia 7750 SR, R-LFA and TI-LFA can be enabled independently of each other.
- B. Fast re-route is a temporary fix that becomes active for a short period of time after a local network failure.
- C. Fast re-route typically protects the active segment of a tunnel, but under certain conditions it can protect an end-to-end multi-segment tunnel instead.
- D. The parameter "max-sr-frr-labels" limits the number of labels that R-LFA can add to the data packet encapsulation.
Answer: A
Explanation:
On a Nokia 7750 SR, R-LFA and TI-LFA cannot be enabled independently; they must be enabled together. The parameter "max-sr-frr-labels" limits the number of labels that R-LFA can add to the data packet encapsulation.
NEW QUESTION # 37
A router participating in SR-TE is advertising a value of Ox11 for the admin-group membership of one of its interfaces. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- A. The interface belongs to admin group RED, configured with a value of 17.
- B. The interface belongs to two different admin groups.
- C. The interface belongs to four different admin groups.
- D. The interface belongs to three different admin groups.
Answer: B
Explanation:
In SR-TE, the admin-group is represented by a 32-bit value, where each bit represents a different admin-group. The value Ox11 in binary is 000100010001, which has two bits set to 1, indicating that the interface belongs to two different admin groups. The exact admin-groups that the interface belongs to depends on how the admin-groups have been configured on the router.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following statements about SR-TE administrative constraints is FALSE?
- A. The head-end router may calculate a path that takes into account max hop count and bandwidth constraints.
- B. Shared-Risk-Link Groups are only taken into account when calculating the secondary path.
- C. The TE metric for a link is by default the same as the IGP metric.
- D. A strict hop must be adjacent to the previous hop in the list.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Shared-Risk-Link Groups(SRLG) is taken into account when calculating both primary and secondary path to avoid routing over the same physical link.
NEW QUESTION # 39
The exhibit shows the fast re-route configuration on router R1, in which both R-LFA and TI-LFA have been enabled. Assume that there are multiple potential backup paths for a given prefix. Which of the following options will router R1 use?
- A. An R-LFA path that would not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
- B. A D-LFA path that would coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
- C. A standard LFA path that would not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
- D. A D-LFA path that would not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The exhibit shows that both R-LFA and TI-LFA have been enabled on router R1. R-LFA (Remote Loop-Free Alternate) is a method that is used to protect the active segment of a tunnel, and it allows the router to find a backup path that coincides with the path that will become active after IGP reconvergence. TI-LFA (Topology Independent LFA) is a method that is used to protect an end-to-end multi-segment tunnel, it allows the router to find a backup path that does not rely on the IGP topology, but on the segment routing topology.
With R-LFA and TI-LFA enabled, router R1 will use a D-LFA (Dual-Loop-Free Alternate) path, which is a combination of both R-LFA and TI-LFA, this path will coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.
A standard LFA, R-LFA, and D-LFA which do not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence are not the options.
NEW QUESTION # 40
To create a flex-algo instance in a network, which of the following configuration steps is mandatory?
- A. Configuring the proper values for the shared-risk link groups (SRLGs) that will define the flex-algo topology.
- B. Specifying whether the LSP paths will be computed locally or by an external path computation element (PCE).
- C. Configuring LSPs between every pair of PE routers.
- D. Configuring at least one router in the network to create and advertise the flex-algo definition.
Answer: D
Explanation:
To create a flex-algo instance in a network, it's mandatory to configure at least one router in the network to create and advertise the flex-algo definition, This is the first step in creating a flex-algo instance, and it's done by defining the flex-algo instance and its properties on one or more routers in the network.
The other steps are important to fine-tune the flex-algo instance, but not mandatory to create it.
Configuring the proper values for the shared-risk link groups (SRLGs) that will define the flex-algo topology.
Specifying whether the LSP paths will be computed locally or by an external path computation element (PCE).
Configuring LSPs between every pair of PE routers.
NEW QUESTION # 41
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Nokia 4A0-116 certification exam is designed for IT professionals who want to validate their knowledge and skills in Nokia Segment Routing technology. 4A0-116 exam covers a wide range of topics, including the fundamentals of Segment Routing, its architecture, deployment scenarios, and troubleshooting techniques. The Nokia 4A0-116 certification is ideal for network architects, engineers, and administrators who want to enhance their expertise in Segment Routing and advance their careers in the networking industry.
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